2021 Equity Challenge Day 4: The Four Levels of Racism

To go any further into the challenge, it is critical to acknowledge that racism is present across many levels. Oftentimes, when we discuss or acknowledge racism, we do so at an interpersonal level. Only seeing this level means that we fail to see the full picture that keeps the system of racism in place. However, racism exists in several levels: internalized, interpersonal, institutional and structural. Today we will break down each of these levels to better understand how racism is perpetuated in our society.

1. Internalized Racism: A set of privately held beliefs, prejudices and ideas about the superiority of whites and the inferiority of people of color. Among people of color, it manifests as internalized oppression. Among whites, it manifests as internalized racial superiority.
2. Interpersonal Racism: The expression of racism between individuals. It occurs when individuals interact and their private beliefs affect their interactions.
3. Institutional Racism: Discriminatory treatment, unfair policies and practices, and inequitable opportunities and impacts within organizations and institutions, all based on race, that routinely produce racially inequitable outcomes for people of color and advantages for white people. Individuals within institutions take on the power of the institution when they reinforce racial inequities.
4. Structural Racism: A system in which public policies, institutional practices, cultural representations and other norms work in various, often reinforcing, ways to perpetuate racial group inequality. It is racial bias among institutions and across society. It involves the cumulative and compounding effects of societal factors including the history, culture, ideology and interactions of institutions and policies that systematically privilege white people and disadvantage people of color.